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veto session
A veto session, also referred to as a veto review session〔''General Legislative Procedures''. National Conference of State Legislatures, 2014. http://www.ncsl.org/documents/legismgt/ilp/.〕 is a type of meeting held by state legislatures in the United States, used to reassess bills that have been vetoed by the governor of the state. State legislatures typically schedule the sessions in advance and only take up vetoed bills for discussion during the meetings.〔Buhrman, Matt. ''Missouri Veto Session 2014''. KSPR News, 2014. www.kspr.com/news/local/missouri-veto-session-2014/.〕 Veto sessions vary in length, both in the time the state legislature is in session each day and the number of days in a row scheduled. The variation occurs as a consequence of how many bills are vetoed by the governor, as well as how many of the vetoed bills the legislature decides to discuss. State legislatures are not required to hold veto sessions if the representatives do not wish to overturn the vetoes. When veto sessions are held, discussion is commenced to sway the votes of members either in favor of or against the veto, then a final vote is tallied. Representatives may either vote to sustain or repeal each veto after which the session adjourns.〔http://www.leg.state.vt.us/HouseClerk/Vetosessions.htm.〕
==Background==
Every state in the United States grants the veto power to the executive branch of the government. The influence of the veto varies in each state, however, due to the specific provisions of each state constitution.〔Fairlie, John. ''The Veto Power of the State Governor.'' American Political Science Review, 1917, p. 474. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1944249.〕 Both chambers of state legislatures are required to meet a threshold of votes in order to overturn the governor's veto.〔Buhrman, Matt. ''Missouri Veto Session 2014''. KSPR News, 2014. ww.kspr.com/news/local/missouri-veto-session-2014/.〕 Veto sessions are held as a direct response to this function of state legislatures.
Veto sessions may prolong the process of passing legislation in state governments in the United States, as they allow for a second round of discussion on bills that have already been passed. Veto sessions also provide for a distribution of power amongst the branches of state governments in the United States and lead to an increase in the possibility of compromise amongst legislators and governors.〔Kagel, John Hankyoung Sung and Eyal Winter. ''Veto Power in Committees: An Experimental Study.'' Experimental Economics, 2010.〕 Compromise is possible in state legislatures which provide line item veto power, amendatory veto power and reduction veto power to the state governor. These types of veto power allow the governor to veto to express his/her disapproval of a bill or a section of a bill without rejecting the entire bill. During a veto session, the state legislature may discuss the bill that has been partially vetoed and make amendments per the governor's request.〔''General Legislative Procedures''. National Conference of State Legislatures, 2014. http://www.ncsl.org/documents/legismgt/ilp/.〕 State representatives may discuss many vetoed bills at once during veto sessions of legislatures. An abundance of vetoed bills may cause legislatures to choose certain bills that are worth the time and effort to override, over others, automatically sustaining the vetoed bills not discussed and therefore appeasing some of the governor's objections.〔http://www.leg.state.vt.us/HouseClerk/Vetosessions.htm.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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